Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ): All You Need to Know

You’ve finally found a supplier for the product you want to sell… but then you see a line in their offer: “Minimum Order Quantity: 500 units.”

If you’re like many first-time buyers or small business owners, your first thought is probably, “Do I really have to order that many?” or “What if I only need a small batch to start?”

This is where Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) comes into play.

Understanding what it is, why suppliers set it, and how to work with it can save you money, time, and a lot of frustration.

What is Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ)?

When you’re sourcing products, you’ll often come across a term like MOQ, or Minimum Order Quantity. In simple terms, it’s the smallest amount of product a supplier is willing to sell in a single order.

For example, let’s say you only need 100 phone cases to test your new online store — but the supplier requires you to buy at least 500. That’s their MOQ. It’s their baseline for doing business with you.

MOQ can be based on:

• Unit count (e.g. 500 pieces of a product)
• Order value (e.g. at least ₱50,000 worth of goods)

Sometimes, suppliers even combine different minimums, like setting a minimum per product and a total purchase value.

Why Do MOQs Exist?

It all comes down to cost. Suppliers set MOQs to make sure each order covers:

To Reduce Costs and Waste

Producing goods — especially in bulk — is more efficient than making small, one-off batches. By setting MOQs, suppliers can:

• Order raw materials in larger quantities (often at discounted rates)
• Streamline production processes for mass manufacturing
• Avoid spending money on small batches that barely cover labor and materials

In some cases, suppliers won’t even purchase materials until you place an order. That means they only commit to production when it’s financially viable.

To Protect Their Profits

Every order, big or small, comes with built-in costs: admin work, storage, packaging, and shipping coordination. For smaller orders, these overhead costs eat into profits quickly.

By setting a minimum order size, suppliers ensure:

• Each sale covers more than just the cost of production
• They aren’t losing money on low-volume deals
• Their business remains sustainable across multiple clients

In short, MOQs help make sure every order is worth the effort.

Better Inventory Control

Suppliers also deal with inventory risk. If they make too much product and it doesn’t sell, it sits in storage — costing time, space, and money.

MOQs help suppliers:

• Move stock efficiently and avoid overproduction
• Keep shelves clear for high-demand items
• Produce based on actual demand instead of guesses

This approach gives suppliers tighter control over cash flow and warehouse space.

How Do Suppliers Calculate MOQ?

As a buyer, you don’t need to crunch the numbers yourself — but it helps to know how suppliers arrive at their minimum order quantities.

This gives you context and leverage when negotiating or evaluating whether a supplier is the right fit.

Here’s what typically goes into a supplier’s MOQ calculation:

• Demand forecasting – Suppliers look at order history and expected demand to decide how much inventory is worth producing in one batch.
• Break-even analysis – They calculate how many units they need to sell to cover costs like labor, setup time, packaging, and shipping.
• Holding and storage costs – Some products are expensive to store (think temperature-sensitive or bulky items), so suppliers factor in how long inventory might sit unsold.
• Profit margin targets – MOQ ensures that every order clears a minimum level of profit, especially for low-margin products.

In short, MOQ isn’t just a random number... it’s the result of internal costs, operational efficiency, and risk management.

How to Deal with MOQs

Once you come across a supplier’s MOQ, the next step is figuring out how to work with it... or around it.

Negotiate a Smaller First Order

MOQ terms can sometimes be flexible — especially if you're a new buyer with growth potential.

Ask if the supplier offers trial orders at a slightly higher price per unit. If you show that you're serious and ready to reorder, they might be willing to meet you halfway.

Bundle Products to Reach the Minimum

Instead of ordering one item in bulk, see if you can combine multiple SKUs under a single MOQ.

For example, 100 units of Product A, 200 of Product B, and 200 of Product C... all contributing to the same required quantity.

Some suppliers are open to this if the products are similar or produced together.

Request a Split Shipment

Can’t take everything at once? Ask your supplier if they can produce everything now but ship in batches later.

This helps you manage cash flow and storage — and it’s often easier for them too.

Join Forces with Other Buyers

If you know others sourcing from the same supplier or category, see if you can pool orders to meet the MOQ together.

It’s a practical workaround that helps everyone move forward without overcommitting.

Explore Other Supplier Options

Some suppliers are strict with their MOQs... others aren’t.

It’s worth exploring local distributors, wholesalers, or smaller manufacturers who may offer more flexible terms — even if the per-unit price is a bit higher, the overall investment may still be lower.

Build a Stronger Supplier Relationship

MOQ is often about trust. If a supplier sees you as a long-term partner, they may be more open to flexibility — now and in the future. Keep the conversation open, share your plans, and look for ways to grow together.

Conclusion

So all in all, if suppliers sold in small batches, they’d risk losing money or wasting resources. That’s why MOQs protect their bottom line.

If you’re looking to streamline your fulfillment and shipping after meeting MOQs, we can help.

Our solutions make it easier to manage every step after the order is placed — from shipping automation and multi-carrier management to improving last-mile intelligence and enhancing the customer experience.

We also support businesses of all sizes — from small businesses just starting out to enterprises, e-commerce brands, retailers, and even 3PL providers.

If you’d like to learn more, check out our blog for insights on shipping, fulfillment, and scaling your operations.

Or, if you’re ready to optimize your post-MOQ fulfillment, reach out to us here — we’d be happy to support your growth journey.

Good luck with your sourcing journey… and remember, handling MOQs effectively is just the first step toward a smoother, more profitable operation!

FAQs

Is MOQ the same as bulk buying?

No, MOQ is the minimum required to place an order, while bulk buying usually refers to larger-than-normal quantities for discounts.

Can MOQs change over time?

Yes, suppliers may adjust MOQs based on costs, demand, or production needs.

What’s the difference between MOQ and EOQ?

MOQ is supplier-set; EOQ is buyer-calculated to optimize cost and inventory levels.

Can I meet an MOQ with a mix of different products?

Some suppliers allow mixing SKUs to meet MOQ, but you’ll need to ask.

What happens if I can't meet the MOQ?

You can negotiate, split orders, or find suppliers with lower minimums.